Informatics Publishing Limited

Kshitij B. Makeshwar ¹, Suraj R. Wasankar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, Vidyabharti College of Pharmacy, Camp Road, Amravati, Maharashtra 444602

Abstract

Niosomes are a novel drug delivery system, in which the medication is encapsulated in a vesicle. The vesicle is composed of a bilayer of non-ionic surface active agents and hence the name niosomes. Structurally, niosomes are similar to liposomes, in that they are also made up of a bilayer. However, the bilayer in the case of niosomes is made up of non-ionic surface active agents rather than phospholipids as seen in the case of liposomes. Most surface active agents when immersed in water yield micellar structures however some surfactants can yield bilayer vesicles which are niosomes. Niosomes may be unilamellaror multilamellar depending on the method used to prepare them. The niosomes are classified as a function of the number of bilayer (e.g. MLV, SUV) or as a function of size. (e.g. LUV, SUV) or as a function of the method of preparation (e.g.REV, DRV). Niosomes present a structure similar to liposome and hence they can represent alternative vesicular systems with respect to liposomes, due to the niosome ability to encapsulate different type of drugs within their multienvironmental structure. The technology utilized in niosomes is still greatly in its infancy, and already it is showing promise in the fields of cancer and infectious disease treatments.

Keywords

Unilamellar, Multilamellar, Niosomes, Phospholipids, Multienvironmental

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Mohan A. Ughade ¹, Suraj R. Wasankar ¹, Abhishek D. Deshmukh ¹, Rahul M. Burghate ¹, Kshitij B. Makeshwar ¹

Affiliations
1 Vidyabharti College of Pharmacy, Camp Road, Amravati, Maharashtra, 444602, IN

Abstract

In recent years scientific and technological advancements have been made in the research and development of oral drug delivery system. It offers various advantages over conventional drug delivery systems. Unlike chewable tablets medicated gums are not supposed to be swallowed and may be removed from the site of application without resorting to invasive means.

Over the years, patient convenience and patient compliance-oriented research in the field of drug delivery has resulted in bringing out potential innovative drug delivery options. Out of which, medicated chewing gum (MCG) offers a highly convenient patient-compliant way of dosing medications, not only for special population groups with swallowing difficulties such as children and the elderly, but also for the general population, including the young generation. Medicated chewing gum delivery system is convenient, easy to administer - anywhere, anytime - and is pleasantly tasting making it patient acceptable. It offers a wide range of advantages that make it an excellent alternative. It can be used to prevent or cure the dental caries, smoking cessation, pain, obesity, xerostoma, acidity, diabetes etc.

Keywords

Medicated Chewing Gum, Invasive, Xerostoma, Smoking Cessation.

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Syed M. Faizi ¹, Pravin N. Rathi ¹, Swati V. Tajane ¹, Rahul M. Burghate ¹, Suraj R. Wasankar ¹

Affiliations
1 Vidyabharti College of Pharmacy, Camp Road, Amravati, Maharashtra 444602, IN

Abstract

In the recent years, particularly in the last two decades Scientific and technological advancements have been made in the research and development of rate-controlled oral drug delivery systems by overcoming physiological adversities, such as short gastric residence times (GRT) and unpredictable gastric emptying times (GET). In order to formulate gastroretentive dosage forms, which will allow the delivery of restricted 'absorption window' drugs which are absorbed in a particular portion of the GI tract. Several approaches are currently being used to prolong the GRT including floating drug delivery systems (FDDS), also known as hydrodynamically balanced systems (HBS), swelling and expanding systems, polymeric bioadhesive systems, modified-shape systems, high-density systems, and other delayed gastric emptying devices. In this review, the current status of floating microspheres/hollow microspheres (micro balloons), their evaluation parameter, advantages, application, limitation manufacturing parameters and future potential for oral sustained release drug delivery are discussed.

Keywords

Floating Drug Delivery System, Gastric Residence Time, Gastric Emptying Time, Absorption Window, Microballoons.

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Suraj R. Wasankar ¹, Kshitij V. Makeshwar ¹, Abhishek D. Deshmukh ¹, Rahul M. Burghate ¹

Affiliations
1 Vidyabharti College of Pharmacy, Camp Road, Amravati, Maharashtra, 444602, IN

Abstract

The nanocochleate drug delivery vehicle is based upon encapsulating drugs in a multilayered, lipid crystal matrix (a cochleate) to potentially deliver the drug safely and effectively. Nanocochleates are cylindrical (cigar-like) microstructures that consist of a series of lipid bilayers. Nanocochleate delivery vehicles are stable phospholipid-cation precipitates composed of simple, naturally occurring materials, generally phosphatidylserine and calcium. They have a unique multilayered structure consisting of a solid, lipid bilayer sheet rolled up in a spiral or in stacked sheets, with little or no internal aqueous space. This structure provides protection from degradation for associated "encochleated" molecules negatively charged lipids and drugs or peptides acting as the inter‐bi‐layer bridges instead of multi‐cationic metal ions. This new type of cochleate opened up to form large liposomes when treated with cationic salt, suggesting that cationic organic molecules can be extracted from these cochleates in a way similar to multivalent metal ions from metal ion‐bridged cochleates. Cochleates can be produced in sub‐micron size using a method known as "hydrogel cochleation" or simply by increasing the ratio of multivalent cationic peptides over negatively charged liposomes. When nanometer‐sized cochleates and liposomes containing the same fluorescent labeled lipid component were incubated with human fibroblasts cells under identical conditions.

Keywords

Cochleate, Bilayers, Phosphatidylserine, Encochleated, Peptides.

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Suraj R. Wasankar ¹, Abhishek D. Deshmukh ², Mohan A. Ughade ², Rahul M. Burghat ², Dhaval P. Gandech ², Rinkesh R. Meghwani ², Syed M. Faizi ²

Affiliations
1 Vidyabharti College of Pharmacy, Camp Road, Amravati, Maharashtra 444602, IN
2 Vidyabharti College of Pharmacy, Camp Road, Amravati, Maharashtra,444602, IN

Abstract

A liposome is a spherical vesicle with a membrane composed of a phospholipids bilayer used to deliver drug or genetic material into a cell. Liposomes can be composed of naturally-derived phospholipids with mixed lipid chain like egg phosphatidylethonalimine or of pure components like DOPE (dioleolylphosphatidylethanolamine). There are number of the structural and nonstructural components of liposomes, major structural components of liposomes are: phospholipids and cholesterol. Liposomes are usually classified according to their lamellarity and size is MLV, LUV, SUV. Various methods used for the preparation of liposome are Passive loading techniques, Active loading technique. Therapeutic Application of Liposome are Liposome as drug/protein delivery vehicles, Liposome in antimicrobial, antifungal and antiviral therapy, Liposome in tumour therapy. Liposome in gene delivery, Liposome in immunology, etc.

Keywords

Phospholipids, Cholesterol, Lamellarity, DOPE.

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